More Thoughts on Innocent People Pleading Guilty

12-4-15 National:

The concept of an innocent person pleading guilty to a crime he did not commit is initially incomprehensible and at odds with many Americans’ beliefs about our criminal justice system. That’s why the National Registry of Exonerations’ November report focusing on false guilty pleas is difficult to absorb. An earlier report this week on this blog quantified instances of false guilty pleas from the report; this one attempts to clarify this kind of miscarriage.

The Registry’s report is not about guilty people pleading to lesser charges. To reiterate and clarify, it documents instances in which people pleaded guilty even though they were neither guilty of the crime they were accused of, nor the crime they ultimately pleaded guilty to. They weren’t accessories, accomplices, or otherwise involved. They were innocent. In spite of pleading guilty, their innocence was eventually officially recognized, and they met the strict requirements for inclusion in the Exoneration Registry.

The short explanation for why innocent people plead guilty is that they believe they have no better option. (This fact alone invites the best minds in criminal justice to seek better policies to assure fairness and accuracy in justice.)

The Innocent Defendant’s Dilemma: An Innovative Empirical Study of Plea Bargaining’s Innocence Problem

2012 National:

Abstract:
In 1989, Ada JoAnn Taylor was accused of murder and presented with stark options. If she pleaded guilty, she would be rewarded with a sentence of ten to forty years in prison. If, however, she proceeded to trial and was convicted, she would likely spend the rest of her life behind bars. Over a thousand miles away in Florida and more than twenty years later, a college student was accused of cheating and presented with her own incentives to admit wrongdoing and save the university the time and expense of proceeding before a disciplinary review board. Both women decided the incentives were enticing and pleaded guilty.

That Taylor and the college student both pleaded guilty is not the only similarity between the cases. Both were also innocent of the offenses for which they had been accused. After serving nineteen years in prison, Taylor was exonerated after DNA testing proved that neither she nor any of the other five defendants who pleaded guilty in her case were involved in the murder. As for the college student, her innocence is assured by the fact that, unbeknownst to her, she was actually part of an innovative new study into plea bargaining and innocence.

This article discusses the study, which involved dozens of college students and took place over several months. The study revealed that more than half of the innocent participants were willing to falsely admit guilt in return for a benefit. These research findings bring significant new insights to the long-standing debate regarding the extent of plea bargaining’s innocence problem. The article also discusses the history of bargained justice and examines the constitutional implications of the study’s results on plea bargaining, an institution the Supreme Court reluctantly approved in 1970 in return for an assurance it would not be used to induce innocent defendants to falsely admit guilt. ..Source.. by Lucian E. Dervan, Southern Illinois University School of Law -and- Vanessa Edkins, Florida Institute of Technology